no special policy applied, like reverse path filtering) forwards packets from one interface to another looking up only the destination IP address.Īn application with sufficient privileges can modify the source IP address field of an IP packet to any syntactically correct value, and in most cases the packet will be sent through the network interface and in many cases will reach the destination. Or, more precisely, an Internet router with a default configuration (i.e.
IP address spoofing, or IP spoofing, is the forging of a source IP address field in IP packets with the purpose of concealing the identity of the sender or impersonating another computing system.įundamentally, source IP spoofing is possible because Internet global routing is based on the destination IP address. This paper represents the main takeaways from this discussion and articulates possible elements of such a strategy.
The objective was to identify elements of a comprehensive strategy and a roadmap for tackling this issue. In February 2015, the Internet Society convened a roundtable bringing together network operators, vendors, leading security experts, and researchers in this area to discuss the problem of source IP address spoofing with a goal to better understand the challenges of addressing it, various factors that aggravate or help solve the problem, and to identify paths to improve the situation going forward. Demonstrating visible improvements (or at least the way forward) could produce a significant impact in both technical and policy planes due to the high profile of DDoS attacks. Unfortunately little visible progress has been made in solving the problem. The complexity, high visibility, and negative impacts of spoofing call for a comprehensive approach, including technology measures, better information and awareness, and social and regulatory tactics. There is also an imbalance between the ease and low cost of launching a DDoS attack and the heavy economic and social impact that these attacks have. Unfortunately, right now there are few incentives, further aggravated by real costs and risks for implementing anti-spoofing measures. This requires deployment of anti-spoofing measures by a vast majority of networks on a global scale – something that is not easy to achieve. While technical solutions for blocking spoofed traffic exist they are only effective and applicable close to the edge – computers and other end-devices connected to the net. Spoofed Internet traffic is a persistent threat, and often the root cause of reflection Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The edge of the Internet is an unruly place” Introduction
Nowhere in the basic architecture of the Internet is there a more hideous flaw than in the lack of enforcement of simple SAV (source-address validation) by most gateways.
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